16.6 BODE PLOTS

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In the previous section we considered using Bode plots to find gain, and phase shift. These plots were calculated one point at a time to construct the graphs, they may also be constructed using approximate techniques. The approximate techniques lose some accuracy, but are very quick.

Phase angle plots are done in a similar manner,

In the previous examples the bode plots were done for real roots. When there are complex roots we will have a second order system, and we must used the added steps below.

These generally have an effect on the Bode plot that is very evident.

Under the influence of damping, the natural frequency will shift slightly,