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3.8 CRIMINAL LAW


In criminal cases there are claims of violations of the criminal code that the Accused is answering. The Crown is responsible for seeking guilty verdicts.

The crown must prove beyond a reasonable doubt that the accused is completely guilty.

criminal courts have three options for decisions,

- innocent
- guilty
- hung

if found guilty, sentences are set. these are set with the following principles,

- rehabilitation of the individual
- protection of the public
- specific and general deterrents

victims are allowed to influence sentencing with victim impact statements.

3.8.1 A Duty of Honesty

dishonesty in business dealings can lead to criminal convictions for,

- fraud
- bribes (giving or taking)
- undisclosed conflict of interest
- gifts to government employees that you have business dealings with

Other areas of interest are,

- the income tax act
- combines investigations act
- etc.

3.8.2 The Combines Investigations Act

Generally this act tries to dissuade,

- monopolies
- misleading advertising - knowingly making any statements about a product that are not true or based on fact.
- bid rigging - different bidders must not work together to artificially raise the price, or cause bidders to drop out.
- price fixing
- conspiracy to limit competition - hoard resources, reduce production, or work together to reduce competition.
- etc.

trade associations are permitted but must avoid any actions that would reduce competition in,

- prices
- quality
- quantity
- markets/customers
- distribution

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