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5. MOMENTS
À pa force is an important type of mechanical effect, but it doesn't explain bending. For this we use moments.
The classic example is the see-saw,
Consider the case of a vise. The bottom member must resist the moment caused when the jaws are tightened.
If we look at a normal step ladder we can see that both halves can be analysed using moments about the top platform.
Certain varieties of tools amplify forces by using moment arms.
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