15.1 LIST FUNCTIONS 317

15.1.1 Shift Registers 317

15.1.2 Stacks 319

15.1.3 Sequencers 320

15.2 PROGRAM CONTROL 323

15.2.1 Branching and Looping 323

15.2.2 Fault Handling 327

15.2.3 Interrupts 328

15.3 INPUT AND OUTPUT FUNCTIONS 329

15.3.1 Immediate I/O Instructions 329

15.4 DESIGN TECHNIQUES 331

15.4.1 State Diagrams 331

15.5 DESIGN CASES 334

15.5.1 If-Then 334

15.5.2 Traffic Light 335

15.6 SUMMARY 336

15.7 PRACTICE PROBLEMS 336

15.8 ASSIGNMENT PROBLEMS 337

15.1 PRACTICE PROBLEM SOLUTIONS 339