1. AN EXAMPLE - BEAMCAD
/*
* BeamCAD
*
* By Hugh Jack,
*
* An Automated approach to beam design. This is an interactive program
* Designed to take input about a beam and then determine beam para-
* meters, which are displayed both graphically and numerically.
* After on screen design a hardcopy may be made on an Epson compatible
* printer. The program requires an EGA quality monitor, with an IBM
* PC compatible system.
*
* February, 9th, 1989.
*
*/
/* header files which define functions and constants */
#include “stdio.h”
#include “graphics.h”
#include “math.h”
#include “time.h”
#include “conio.h”
#include “bios.h”
/* define internal operation and error codes */
#define DONE -1
#define NO_ERROR 0
#define ERROR 1
#define REVISED 2
#define NEW 3
#define UPDATE 4
#define PRINTER_ERROR 5
/* define material types */
#define STEEL 0
#define ALUMINUM 1
#define END_MATERIALS 2
/* define beam types */
#define I_BEAM 0
#define CHANNEL_BEAM 1
#define SOLID_BEAM 2
#define HOLLOW_BEAM 3
#define L_BEAM 4
#define END_BEAMS 5
/* set corners of user input box */
#define INPUT_LEFT .03
#define INPUT_RIGHT .45
#define INPUT_BOTTOM .97
#define INPUT_TOP .85
/* miscellaneous definitions */
#define EXTENSION 20 /* standoff for dimensions */
#define DOUBLE_LINE_GAP .005 /* normalized gap between double lines */
#define X_Y_RATIO 1.408 /* Screen x to y aspect ratio */
#define PAGE_OFFSET 80 /* Output offset for printer */
#define ERROR_BIT 8 /* Printer error bit */
/* define some key codes */
#define DOWN 1
#define UP -1
#define F_1 59
#define F_3 61
#define F_4 62
#define UP_ARROW 72
#define DOWN_ARROW 80
#define ENTER 13
/* declare functions in this listing */
void box(),
calculations(),
draw_line(),
kill(),
picture(),
screen(),
text();
int enter(),
input(),
printer(),
printes(),
setup();
/* set up formats for user inputs, prompts and help prompts */
struct entry { char name[25];
double posx;
double posy;
char help1[40];
char help2[40]; };
struct entry list[8] = {{{“Beam Type :”}, .08, .18,
{“1. I-Beam 2. Channel “},
{“3. Solid 4. Hollow 5. L-Beam”}},
{{“Beam Material :”}, .08, .23,
{“1. Steel 2. Aluminum”}},
{{“Beam Thickness :”}, .08, .33,
{“Metal Plat thickness for beam “},
{“Construction”}},
{{“Beam Height :”}, .08, .38,
{“Total height of beam from top to bottom”}},
{{“Beam Width :”}, .08, .43,
{“Total width of beam from left to right”}},
{{“Span Length :”}, .08, .53,
{“Length of unsuported span to be”},
{“considered”}},
{{“Load Position Offset :”}, .08, .58,
{“Distance from left side to the Point”},
{“at which a load force is applied”}},
{{“Load Force :”}, .08, .63,
{“Total load force applied at load”},
{“position”}}};
/* set up format and structure for material description */
struct mats { char name[15];
double weight;
double modulus; };
struct mats materials[10] = {{{“Steel”}, .283, 10300000.0},
{{“Aluminum”}, .0995, 29000000.0}};
/* set up work strings and various beam names */
char work[80],
work2[20],
beams[10][20] = {{“I Beam”},
{“Channel Beam”},
{“Solid Beam”},
{“Hollow Beam”},
{“L Beam”}};
/* set up global integers */
int beam_type = I_BEAM, /* beam cross section type */
beam_material = STEEL, /* beam material used */
entry_number = 0; /* Current choice on input menu */
/* set up global double precision numbers */
double beam_width = 3.0, /* Width of beam cross section */
beam_height = 6.0, /* Height of Beam cross section */
beam_thick = 0.5, /* Thickness of metal plates */
beam_length = 120.0, /* Length of beam span */
beam_load = 0.0, /* Load force applied to beam */
beam_point = 0.0, /* displacement of applied load */
beam_area, /* calculated cross section area */
x_centroid, /* calculated x centroid */
y_centroid, /* calculated y centroid */
moment_inertia, /* Calculated moment of inertia */
x_axis, /* calculated x principal axis */
y_axis, /* calculated y principal axis */
axial_stiffness, /* calculated axial stiffness */
bending_stiffness, /* calculated bending stiffness */
beam_deflect, /* calculated beam deflection */
deflect_point, /* point of maximum deflection */
out_distance, /* calculated distance from fibres */
beam_weight, /* calculated total beam weight */
xmax, /* absolute width of screen x */
ymax; /* absolute height of screen y */
main()
/*
* EXECUTIVE CONTROL LEVEL
*
* This is the main terminal point between the various stages of setup,
* input, revision and termination.
*
* January 29th, 1989.
*/
{
static int error;
if((error = setup()) != ERROR) {
screen(NEW);
screen(UPDATE);
while((error = input()) != DONE) {
if(error == REVISED) {
screen(NEW);
screen(UPDATE);
}
}
error = NO_ERROR;
}
kill();
if(error == ERROR) {
printf(“EGA Graphics Driver Not Installed”);
}
}
int setup()
/*
* SYSTEM INITIALIZATION
*
* This will initialize an EGA monitor and then initialize, and collect
* video parameters, and initialize the printer.
*
* January 29th, 1989.
*/
{
static int driver,
mode,
error;
/* Detect EGA driver and initialize */
detectgraph(&driver, &mode);
error = ERROR;
if(driver == EGA){
error = NO_ERROR;
initgraph(&driver, &mode, ““);
}
/* Initialize printer port */
biosprint(1, 7, 0);
/* get maximum x and y screen pixel coordinates */
xmax = getmaxx();
ymax = getmaxy();
return(error);
}
void screen(int option)
/*
* SCREEN LAYOUT/UPDATE
*
* This section will set up the screen with basic titles and headings.
* The section will also update the current values of beam parameters.
*
* January 29th, 1989.
*/
{
/* If instructed then clear screen and add titles */
if(option == NEW){
/* Clear screen */
cleardevice();
/* Add titles and instructions */
draw_line(.50, 0.0, .50, 1.0-DOUBLE_LINE_GAP);
draw_line(.5 + DOUBLE_LINE_GAP, 0.0, .5 + DOUBLE_LINE_GAP, 1.0-DOUBLE_LINE_GAP);
settextstyle(SANS_SERIF_FONT, HORIZ_DIR, 4);
text(.02, .014, “Beam C.A.D.”);
settextstyle(SMALL_FONT, HORIZ_DIR, 6);
text(.31, .06, “by Hugh Jack”);
settextstyle(SMALL_FONT, HORIZ_DIR, 4);
setcolor(GREEN);
text(INPUT_LEFT, INPUT_TOP - .10, “F1 - QUIT F3 - SCREEN PRINT F4 - HARDCOPY”);
text(INPUT_LEFT, INPUT_TOP - .07, “Use UP and DOWN Cursors to select Parameter”);
text(INPUT_LEFT, INPUT_TOP - .04, “enter new paramter and press RETURN to accept”);
setcolor(WHITE);
box(INPUT_LEFT, INPUT_BOTTOM, INPUT_RIGHT, INPUT_TOP, GREEN, NEW);
}
/* If instructed then update beam information */
if(option == UPDATE){
/* Calculate new output parameters from input parameters */
calculations();
/* Show input data */
text(.05, .13, “Beam”);
sprintf(work, “Type : %s”, beams[beam_type]);
text(.08, .18, work);
sprintf(work, “Material : %s”, materials[beam_material].name);
text(.08, .23, work);
text(.05, .28, “Cross Section”);
sprintf(work, “Thickness : %.3f in.”, beam_thick);
text(.08, .33, work);
sprintf(work, “Height : %.3f in.”, beam_height);
text(.08, .38, work);
sprintf(work, “Width : %.3f in.”, beam_width);
text(.08, .43, work);
text(.05, .48, “Span”);
sprintf(work, “Length : %.3f in.”, beam_length);
text(.08, .53, work);
sprintf(work, “Load Posit.: %.3f in.”, beam_point);
text(.08, .58, work);
sprintf(work, “Load : %.3f lbs.”, beam_load);
text(.08, .63, work);
/* Print Calculated Parameters */
sprintf(work, “Beam Cross Sectional Area in^2: %.3f”, beam_area);
text(.56, .55, work);
sprintf(work, “Weight lbs.: %.3f”, beam_weight);
text(.56, .59, work);
sprintf(work, “Axial Stiffness lb. / in: %.3g”, axial_stiffness);
text(.56, .63, work);
sprintf(work, “Bending Stiffness lbs / in^2: %.3g”, bending_stiffness);
text(.56, .67, work);
sprintf(work, “Maximum Beam Deflection in.: %.3g”, beam_deflect);
text(.56, .71, work);
/* Draw cross section and loading diagrams */
picture(beam_type);
}
}
void calculations()
/*
* CALCULATE BEAM PARAMETERS
*
* The global values of the beam parameters are use to calculate
* the other output variables of the beam parameters.
*
* February, 9th, 1989.
*/
{
/* locate general centroid */
x_centroid = x_axis = beam_width / 2.0;
y_centroid = y_axis = beam_height / 2.0;
/* find moment of inertia for solid beam and later subtract
hollow sections for various beam types. */
moment_inertia = beam_width*beam_height*beam_height*beam_height/12.0;
if(beam_type == I_BEAM) {
beam_area = beam_thick*(2*beam_width + beam_height - 2*beam_thick);
moment_inertia = moment_inertia - (beam_width-beam_thick)*pow((beam_height-beam_thick), 3.0)/12.0;
}
if(beam_type == CHANNEL_BEAM) {
beam_area = beam_thick*(2*beam_width + beam_height - 2*beam_thick);
x_centroid =(pow(beam_width, 2.0) + (beam_height - 2*beam_thick)*beam_thick)/(beam_width + (beam_height - 2*beam_thick))/2.0;
moment_inertia = moment_inertia - (beam_width-beam_thick)*pow((beam_height-beam_thick), 3.0)/12.0;
}
if(beam_type == SOLID_BEAM) {
beam_area = beam_width*beam_height;
}
if(beam_type == HOLLOW_BEAM) {
beam_area = beam_thick*(2*beam_width + 2*beam_height - 4*beam_thick);
moment_inertia = moment_inertia - (beam_width - 2*beam_thick)*pow((beam_height-beam_thick), 3.0)/12.0;
}
if(beam_type == L_BEAM) {
beam_area = beam_thick*(beam_width + beam_height - beam_thick);
x_centroid = (beam_width*beam_width +(beam_height-beam_thick)*beam_thick)/2.0/(beam_height + beam_width - beam_thick);
y_centroid = (beam_height*beam_height +(beam_width-beam_thick)*beam_thick)/2.0/(beam_height + beam_width - beam_thick);
moment_inertia = (beam_width*pow(y_centroid, 3.0) - (beam_width-beam_thick)*pow((y_centroid-beam_thick),3.0)+beam_thick*pow((beam_height-y_centroid), 3.0))/3.0;
}
axial_stiffness = beam_area * materials[beam_material].modulus;
bending_stiffness = materials[beam_material].modulus * moment_inertia;
beam_weight = beam_area * materials[beam_material].weight * beam_length;
/* find deflection of beam under loading */
deflect_point = pow((beam_point*(2 * beam_length-beam_point)/3.0), .5);
beam_deflect = beam_load*(beam_length - beam_point)/(3.0*bending_stiffness*beam_length)*pow(deflect_point, 3);
}
int input()
/*
* INPUT MANAGER
*
* User input functions are handled through this subroutine. These
* functions include numerical input and checking, watching function
* keys, and issuing proper feedback for executive control.
*
* January 28th, 1989.
*/
{
int up_down,
error,
flagger,
count;
double x,
y,
inpoff;
char in;
error = 0;
/* set flag for cursor movement */
up_down = 0;
/* Do boxes and prompts for current input */
x = list[entry_number].posx;
y = list[entry_number].posy;
box(x-.01, y+.045, x+.30, y-.015, GREEN, NEW);
text(INPUT_LEFT+2*DOUBLE_LINE_GAP, INPUT_TOP+4*DOUBLE_LINE_GAP, list[entry_number].name);
text(INPUT_LEFT+2*DOUBLE_LINE_GAP, INPUT_TOP+.05, list[entry_number].help1);
text(INPUT_LEFT+2*DOUBLE_LINE_GAP, INPUT_TOP+.08, list[entry_number].help2);
inpoff = textwidth(list[entry_number].name)/xmax+.01;
work[0] = 0;
count = 0;
/* Loop while numbers are being entered */
setcolor(WHITE+BLINK);
/* cursor marker */
text(INPUT_LEFT+inpoff+(count+1)/100.0, INPUT_TOP+.02, “_”);
setcolor(WHITE);
/* screen for too many chars, and no control keys */
while((count < 12) && ((in = getch()) != ENTER) && (in != 0)) {
if(((in >= ‘0’) && (in <= ‘9’)) || (in == ‘.’) || ((in == ‘-’) && (count == 0))) {
/* update input string */
work[count] = in;
count++;
work[count] = 0;
/* update screen input line */
sprintf(work2, “%c”, in);
text(INPUT_LEFT+inpoff+count/100.0, INPUT_TOP+.02, work2);
/* Cursor update */
setcolor(WHITE+BLINK);
text(INPUT_LEFT+inpoff+(count+1)/100.0, INPUT_TOP+.02, “_”);
setcolor(WHITE);
setcolor(BLACK);
text(INPUT_LEFT+inpoff+(count)/100.0, INPUT_TOP+.02, “_”);
setcolor(WHITE);
}
/* beep in case of input error */
else { printf(“\007”);}
}
/* look for control and cursor keys */
if(in == 0) {
in = getch();
if(in == DOWN_ARROW) up_down = DOWN;
if(in == UP_ARROW) up_down = UP;
if(in == F_1) error = DONE;
if(in == F_3) {
if(printes() == ERROR) {error = PRINTER_ERROR;}
else {error = REVISED;}
}
if(in == F_4) {
if(printer() == ERROR) {error = PRINTER_ERROR;}
else {error = REVISED;}
}
count = 0;
}
/* Check for numerical input error */
if((count > 0) && (count < 12)) {
error = enter();
up_down = DOWN;
}
if(count == 12) error = ERROR;
/* Clear input box and indicate error if they have occured */
box(x-.01, y+.045, x+.30, y-.015, BLACK, NEW);
box(INPUT_LEFT, INPUT_BOTTOM, INPUT_RIGHT, INPUT_TOP, GREEN, UPDATE);
if((error == ERROR) || (error == PRINTER_ERROR)) {
printf(“\007”);
if(error == ERROR) {
error = ERROR;
text(INPUT_LEFT+2*DOUBLE_LINE_GAP, INPUT_BOTTOM-.05, “INPUT ERROR - (Hit any key to clear)”);
}
if(error == PRINTER_ERROR) {
error = REVISED;
text(INPUT_LEFT+2*DOUBLE_LINE_GAP, INPUT_BOTTOM-.05, “PRINTER ERROR - (Hit any key to clear)”);
}
getch();
box(INPUT_LEFT, INPUT_BOTTOM, INPUT_RIGHT, INPUT_TOP, GREEN, UPDATE);
}
/* update to new menu choice */
entry_number = entry_number + up_down;
if(entry_number < 0) entry_number = 7;
if(entry_number > 7) entry_number = 0;
return(error);
}
int printer()
/* BEAM DUMPER
*
* This routine will prepare the screen and dump it to an EPSON type
* printer. This will not do the printing, but will use the routines
* PRINTES() to do the printing.
*
* February 2nd, 1989.
*/
{
static double xx,yy;
/* Do the time sort of thing */
time_t timet;
struct tm *times;
time(&timet);
times = localtime(&timet);
/* Clear input boxes on current screen */
xx = list[entry_number].posx;
yy = list[entry_number].posy;
box(xx-.01, yy+.045, xx+.30, yy-.015, BLACK, NEW);
box(INPUT_LEFT-2*DOUBLE_LINE_GAP, INPUT_BOTTOM, INPUT_RIGHT+2*DOUBLE_LINE_GAP, INPUT_TOP-.15, BLUE, UPDATE);
box(INPUT_LEFT-2*DOUBLE_LINE_GAP, INPUT_BOTTOM, INPUT_RIGHT+2*DOUBLE_LINE_GAP, INPUT_TOP-.15, BLACK, NEW);
box(DOUBLE_LINE_GAP, 1 - DOUBLE_LINE_GAP, 1 - DOUBLE_LINE_GAP, DOUBLE_LINE_GAP, BLUE, NEW);
/* Add design date to screen */
text(INPUT_LEFT, INPUT_TOP-.05, “Design Date :”);
text(INPUT_LEFT, INPUT_TOP, asctime(times));
return(printes());
}
int printes()
/* SCREEN DUMPER
*
* This routine will copy the screen to an EPSON type
* printer. This will constitute a hard copy output. This routine was
* prepared with the help of a basic routine written by Peter Budgell and
* Bernard Julien. The basic operation is to read a pixel from the
* screen and then print it.
*
* February 2nd, 1989.
*/
{
static int x, y, z, count, bit, error;
/* Continue if no error */
if((error = ((int)(biosprint(2, 7, 0)) & ERROR_BIT)) == 0) {
/* Prepare printer */
biosprint(0, 27, 0);
biosprint(0, ‘A’, 0);
biosprint(0, 8, 0);
for(y = 0; y < (int)xmax; y = y + 8) {
biosprint(0, 27, 0);
biosprint(0, ‘L’, 0);
biosprint(0, (int)(2*(ymax+PAGE_OFFSET))%256, 0);
biosprint(0, (int)(2*(ymax+PAGE_OFFSET))/256, 0);
for(x = 0; x < PAGE_OFFSET; x++) {
biosprint(0, 0, 0);
biosprint(0, 0, 0);
}
for(x = (int)ymax; x > 0; x--) {
count = 0;
bit = 1;
for(z = 7; z >= 0; z--) {
count = count + bit*(getpixel(y+z, x) != BLACK);
bit = bit + bit;
}
biosprint(0, count, 0);
biosprint(0, count, 0);
}
biosprint(0, 13, 0);
biosprint(0, 10, 0);
}
error = NO_ERROR;
}
else error = ERROR;
return(error);
}
int enter()
/*
* ENTRY CHECKER
*
* This routine will use the previous input value to determine input
* validity, and update valid inputs. The value will be taken from
* the WORK string and then considered for the current input.
*
* January 28th, 1989.
*/
{
double f_result;
int i_result,
error;
/* Prepare for analysis */
f_result = atof(work);
i_result = atoi(work);
error = ERROR;
/* check for no value */
if(work[0] == 0) error = NO_ERROR;
if(error == ERROR) {
/* Update beam type */
if((entry_number == 0) && (i_result > 0) && (i_result < L_BEAM+2)) {
error = NO_ERROR;
if(beam_type != i_result-1) error = REVISED;
beam_type = i_result-1;
}
if((entry_number == 1) && (i_result > 0) && (i_result < ALUMINUM+2)) {
error = NO_ERROR;
if(beam_material != i_result-1) error = REVISED;
beam_material = i_result-1;
}
if((entry_number == 2) && (f_result > 0.025) && (f_result < beam_width/2) && (f_result < beam_height/2)) {
error = NO_ERROR;
if(beam_thick != f_result) error = REVISED;
beam_thick = f_result;
}
if((entry_number == 3) && (f_result > beam_thick*2.0) && (f_result < 60.0)) {
error = NO_ERROR;
if(beam_height != f_result) error = REVISED;
beam_height = f_result;
}
if((entry_number == 4) && (f_result > beam_thick/2.0) && (f_result < 60.0)) {
error = NO_ERROR;
if(beam_width != f_result) error = REVISED;
beam_width = f_result;
}
if((entry_number == 5) && (f_result > 0.0) && (f_result < 200.0) && (f_result >= beam_point)) {
error = NO_ERROR;
if(beam_length != f_result) error = REVISED;
beam_length = f_result;
}
if((entry_number == 6) && (f_result >= 0.0) && (f_result <= beam_length)) {
error = NO_ERROR;
if(beam_point != f_result) error = REVISED;
beam_point = f_result;
}
if((entry_number == 7) && (abs(f_result) < 10000000.0)) {
error = NO_ERROR;
if(beam_load != f_result) error = REVISED;
beam_load = f_result;
}
}
return(error);
}
void text(double x, double y, char *text)
/*
* Text Utility
*
* A routine to make text statements more readable, by allowing entry in
* normalized coordinates.
*
* January 28th, 1989.
*/
{
outtextxy(x * xmax, y * ymax, text);
}
void draw_line(double x1, double y1, double x2, double y2)
/*
* Line Utility
*
* A routine to simplify line statements by allowing normalized calls.
*
* January 30th, 1989.
*/
{
line((int)(x1*xmax), (int)(y1*ymax), (int)(x2*xmax), (int)(y2*ymax));
}
void box(double x1, double y1, double x2, double y2, int color, int refresh)
/*
* Box Drawer
*
* This routine will simply draw a box with double lines , or erase
* the contents.
*
* January 28th, 1989.
*/
{
int temp_color;
temp_color = getcolor();
setcolor(color);
/* Draw outer box */
draw_line(x1, y1, x2, y1);
draw_line(x2, y1, x2, y2);
draw_line(x2, y2, x1, y2);
draw_line(x1, y2, x1, y1);
/* Draw inner box */
draw_line(x1 + DOUBLE_LINE_GAP, y1 - DOUBLE_LINE_GAP, x2 - DOUBLE_LINE_GAP, y1 - DOUBLE_LINE_GAP);
draw_line(x2 - DOUBLE_LINE_GAP, y1 - DOUBLE_LINE_GAP, x2 - DOUBLE_LINE_GAP, y2 + DOUBLE_LINE_GAP);
draw_line(x2 - DOUBLE_LINE_GAP, y2 + DOUBLE_LINE_GAP, x1 + DOUBLE_LINE_GAP, y2 + DOUBLE_LINE_GAP);
draw_line(x1 + DOUBLE_LINE_GAP, y2 + DOUBLE_LINE_GAP, x1 + DOUBLE_LINE_GAP, y1 - DOUBLE_LINE_GAP);
/* Erase box contents if flag set */
if(refresh == UPDATE) {
setfillstyle(SOLID_FILL, BLACK);
floodfill((int)(((x2 + x1)/2.0)*xmax), (int)(((y1 + y2)/2.0) * ymax), color);
}
setcolor(temp_color);
}
void picture(int draw_beam)
/*
* Beam Drawer
*
* This section will produce all beam graphics and dimensions
*
* January 30th, 1989.
*/
{
static int x_s,
x_e,
y_s,
y_e,
cx1,
cx2,
cx3,
cx4,
cx5,
cx6,
cy1,
cy2,
cy3,
cy4,
cy5,
cy6,
x_offset,
y_offset,
x_c_offset,
y_c_offset;
static double scale_x,
scale_y,
px,
py,
de,
offset;
x_s = xmax/2 + 3*EXTENSION + 40;
y_s = ymax/2 - 15;
x_e = xmax - 5;
y_e = 22 + EXTENSION;
if(x_axis != x_centroid) y_e = y_e + EXTENSION;
if(y_axis == y_centroid) x_s = xmax/2 + 2*EXTENSION + 40;
if(beam_width < beam_height){
scale_x = (x_e - x_s) / beam_height / X_Y_RATIO;
scale_y = (y_e - y_s) / beam_height;
};
if(beam_width >= beam_height){
scale_x = (x_e - x_s) / beam_width / X_Y_RATIO;
scale_y = (y_e - y_s) / beam_width;
};
cx1 = x_s;
cx2 = x_s + (int)(scale_x * beam_thick);
cx3 = x_s + (int)(scale_x * (beam_width - beam_thick) / 2);
cx4 = x_s + (int)(scale_x * (beam_width + beam_thick) / 2);
cx5 = x_s + (int)(scale_x * (beam_width - beam_thick));
cx6 = x_s + (int)(scale_x * beam_width);
cy1 = y_s;
cy2 = y_s + (int)(scale_y * beam_thick);
cy3 = y_s + (int)(scale_y * (beam_height - beam_thick) / 2);
cy4 = y_s + (int)(scale_y * (beam_height + beam_thick) / 2);
cy5 = y_s + (int)(scale_y * (beam_height - beam_thick));
cy6 = y_s + (int)(scale_y * beam_height);
x_c_offset = cx1 + scale_x * x_centroid;
y_c_offset = cy1 + scale_y * y_centroid;
x_offset = cx1 + scale_x * x_axis;
y_offset = cy1 + scale_y * y_axis;
setcolor(WHITE);
/* Title for cross section */
if(x_axis != x_centroid)
{outtextxy(cx1 - EXTENSION, cy6 - 2*EXTENSION-15, “BEAM CROSS SECTION”);}
else {outtextxy(cx1 - EXTENSION, cy6 - EXTENSION-15, “BEAM CROSS SECTION”);}
/* Title for beam deflection */
text(.54, .76, “EXAGERATED BEAM DEFLECTION (simple supports)”);
setcolor(CYAN);
if(draw_beam == I_BEAM) {
moveto(cx1, cy1);
lineto(cx6, cy1);
lineto(cx6, cy2);
lineto(cx4, cy2);
lineto(cx4, cy5);
lineto(cx6, cy5);
lineto(cx6, cy6);
lineto(cx1, cy6);
lineto(cx1, cy5);
lineto(cx3, cy5);
lineto(cx3, cy2);
lineto(cx1, cy2);
lineto(cx1, cy1);
}
if(draw_beam == CHANNEL_BEAM) {
moveto(cx1, cy1);
lineto(cx6, cy1);
lineto(cx6, cy2);
lineto(cx2, cy2);
lineto(cx2, cy5);
lineto(cx6, cy5);
lineto(cx6, cy6);
lineto(cx1, cy6);
lineto(cx1, cy1);
}
if(draw_beam == SOLID_BEAM) {
moveto(cx1, cy1);
lineto(cx1, cy6);
lineto(cx6, cy6);
lineto(cx6, cy1);
lineto(cx1, cy1);
}
if(draw_beam == HOLLOW_BEAM) {
moveto(cx1, cy1);
lineto(cx6, cy1);
lineto(cx6, cy6);
lineto(cx1, cy6);
lineto(cx1, cy1);
moveto(cx2, cy2);
lineto(cx2, cy5);
lineto(cx5, cy5);
lineto(cx5, cy2);
lineto(cx2, cy2);
}
if(draw_beam == L_BEAM) {
moveto(cx1, cy1);
lineto(cx6, cy1);
lineto(cx6, cy2);
lineto(cx2, cy2);
lineto(cx2, cy6);
lineto(cx1, cy6);
lineto(cx1, cy1);
}
/* Draw beam for bending display */
line((int)(.60*xmax), (int)(.90*ymax), (int)(.60*xmax), (int)(.88*ymax));
line((int)(.90*xmax), (int)(.90*ymax), (int)(.90*xmax), (int)(.88*ymax));
if(fabs(beam_deflect/beam_length) > 0.00001) {
de = beam_length/6.0*beam_deflect/fabs(beam_deflect);
for(px = 0.0; px <= deflect_point; px = px + beam_length/200){
py = ((de-de*pow(((deflect_point -px)/deflect_point), 2.0))/beam_length) * (.1) + .88;
putpixel((int)((.6+px/beam_length*.3)*xmax), (int)(py*ymax), CYAN);
putpixel((int)((.6+px/beam_length*.3)*xmax), (int)((py+.02)*ymax), CYAN);
}
for(px = deflect_point; px <= beam_length; px = px + beam_length/200){
py = ((de-de*pow(((px-deflect_point)/(beam_length - deflect_point)), 2.0))/beam_length) * (.1) + .88;
putpixel((int)((.6+px/beam_length*.3)*xmax), (int)(py*ymax), CYAN);
putpixel((int)((.6+px/beam_length*.3)*xmax), (int)((py+.02)*ymax), CYAN);
}
}
else {
line((int)(.60*xmax), (int)(.90*ymax), (int)(.90*xmax), (int)(.90*ymax));
line((int)(.60*xmax), (int)(.88*ymax), (int)(.90*xmax), (int)(.88*ymax));
}
/* Fill Beam Cross section if thick enough */
setfillstyle(LTSLASH_FILL, 7+beam_material);
if(((cx2-cx1) > 2) && ((cy1 - cy2) > 2)){
floodfill(cx1 + 1, cy1 - 1, CYAN);
floodfill(cx1 + 1, cy6 + 1, CYAN);
}
setcolor(RED);
/* Beam Length Dimension */
line(xmax*.60, ymax*.90 + 3, xmax*.60, ymax*.90 + EXTENSION);
line(xmax*.90, ymax*.90 + 3, xmax*.90, ymax*.90 + EXTENSION);
line(xmax*.60, ymax*.90 + 10, xmax*.90, ymax*.90 + 10);
sprintf(work, “%.3f in.”, beam_length);
text(.61, .94, work);
/* Force Position Location */
offset = .30 * (beam_point / beam_length) + .60;
line(xmax*.6, ymax*.88 - 3, xmax*.6, ymax*.88 - EXTENSION);
line(xmax*offset, ymax*.88 - 3, xmax*offset, ymax*.88 - EXTENSION);
line(xmax*.6, ymax*.88 - 10, xmax*offset, ymax*.88 - 10);
line(xmax*offset, ymax*.88 - 3, xmax*offset -3, ymax*.88 - 8);
line(xmax*offset, ymax*.88 - 3, xmax*offset +3, ymax*.88 - 8);
sprintf(work, “%.3f in.”, beam_point);
text(offset+.01, .84, work);
sprintf(work, “%.3f lb.”, beam_load);
text(offset, .79, work);
/* Beam Width Dimension */
line(cx1, cy1+3, cx1, cy1 + EXTENSION);
line(cx6, cy1+3, cx6, cy1 + EXTENSION);
line(cx1, cy1 + 10, cx6, cy1 + 10);
sprintf(work, “%.3f in.”, beam_width);
outtextxy(cx1 + 10, cy1+15, work);
/* Height and Thickness Dimensions */
settextstyle(SMALL_FONT, VERT_DIR, 4);
line(cx6+3, cy1, cx6+EXTENSION, cy1);
line(cx6+3, cy6, cx6+EXTENSION, cy6);
line(cx6+10, cy1, cx6+10, cy6);
sprintf(work, “%.3f in.”, beam_height);
outtextxy(cx6 + EXTENSION, cy1-10-textwidth(work), work);
/* Draw Thickness Dimension for all but solid beam */
if(beam_type != SOLID_BEAM) {
line(cx1-EXTENSION, cy1, cx1-3, cy1);
line(cx1-EXTENSION, cy2, cx1-3, cy2);
line(cx1-10, cy1, cx1-10, cy1+15);
line(cx1-10, cy2, cx1-10, cy2-15);
sprintf(work, “%.3f in.”, beam_thick);
outtextxy(cx1-15, cy2-10-textwidth(work), work);
}
/* Principal and centroid y axis dimensions */
line(cx1-EXTENSION, cy1, cx1-2*EXTENSION, cy1);
line(cx1-EXTENSION-3, y_offset, cx1-2*EXTENSION, y_offset);
line(cx1-EXTENSION-10, cy1, cx1-EXTENSION-10, cy1+15);
line(cx1-EXTENSION-10, y_offset, cx1-EXTENSION-10, y_offset-15);
sprintf(work, “%.3f in.”, y_axis);
outtextxy(cx1-EXTENSION-15, y_offset-10-textwidth(work), work);
if(y_axis != y_centroid) {
line(cx1-2*EXTENSION, cy1, cx1-3*EXTENSION, cy1);
line(cx1-2*EXTENSION-3, y_c_offset, cx1-3*EXTENSION, y_c_offset);
line(cx1-2*EXTENSION-10, cy1, cx1-2*EXTENSION-10, cy1+15);
line(cx1-2*EXTENSION-10, y_c_offset, cx1-2*EXTENSION-10, y_c_offset-15);
sprintf(work, “%.3f in.”, y_centroid);
outtextxy(cx1-2*EXTENSION-15, y_c_offset-10-textwidth(work), work);
}
settextstyle(SMALL_FONT, HORIZ_DIR, 4);
/* Principal and centroid x axis dimensions */
line(cx1, cy6-3, cx1, cy6 - EXTENSION);
line(x_offset, cy6-3, x_offset, cy6-EXTENSION);
line(cx1-EXTENSION, cy6-10, cx1, cy6-10);
line(x_offset, cy6-10, x_offset+EXTENSION, cy6-10);
sprintf(work, “%.3f in.”, x_axis);
outtextxy(x_offset + 10, cy6-EXTENSION, work);
if(x_axis != x_centroid) {
line(cx1, cy6-EXTENSION-3, cx1, cy6 - 2*EXTENSION);
line(x_c_offset, cy6-EXTENSION-3, x_c_offset, cy6 - 2*EXTENSION);
line(cx1-EXTENSION, cy6-EXTENSION-10, cx1, cy6-EXTENSION-10);
line(x_c_offset, cy6-EXTENSION-10, x_c_offset+EXTENSION, cy6-EXTENSION-10);
sprintf(work, “%.3f in.”, x_centroid);
outtextxy(x_c_offset + 10, cy6 - 2*EXTENSION, work);
}
/* Draw Center Line */
setcolor(YELLOW);
setlinestyle(CENTER_LINE, 0, NORM_WIDTH);
line(x_offset, cy1+5, x_offset, cy6-5);
line(cx1-5, y_offset, cx6+5, y_offset);
/* Draw Centroid Line */
setcolor(MAGENTA);
setlinestyle(DASHED_LINE, 0, NORM_WIDTH);
line(x_c_offset, cy1+5, x_c_offset, cy6-5);
line(cx1-5, y_c_offset, cx6+5, y_c_offset);
setlinestyle(SOLID_LINE, 0, NORM_WIDTH);
/* Restore original Color */
setcolor(WHITE);
}
void kill()
/*
* Close Graphics Routines
*
* This will deinitialize the graphics routines initialized earlier.
*
* January 20th, 1989.
*/
{
closegraph();
}
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