1.4 SOLDERING AND BRAZING

 

• Basically, soldering and brazing involve melting a filler material that will flow into a narrow gap and solidify. It is distinct because the base materials should not be melted.

 

• The main difference is,

- Soldering is done at a lower temperature, either with a propane torch, or an electric heater. It is intended for bonds with less required strength, such as electrical and plumbing applications.

- Brazing is done at higher temperatures with oxyacetylene or mapp gas torches. These bonds tend to be higher and can be used for mechanical strength.

 

• General process considerations include,

- Suitable for gaps from 0.001” to 0.01”

- Surfaces must be sanded and cleaned before these processes are used.

- Flux is often used to deoxidize a surface so that the filler will adhere better. Typical fluxes include,

Brazing flux - fused borax or alcohol and borax paste

Soldering flux - inorganic salts (zinc ammonium chloride), muriatic acid, resin based

- Some fluxes are corrosive and should be removed after use.

 

• Materials include,

- Solder is often an alloy combination of two of tin, lead, silver, zinc, antimony or bismuth.

- Brazing metals are typically alloys such as,

brazing brass (60% Cu, 40%Zn)

manganese bronze

nickel silver

copper silicon

silver alloys (with/without phosphorous)

copper phosphorous