1.8 CRIMINAL LAW
• In criminal cases there are claims of violations of the criminal code that the Accused is answering. The Crown is responsible for seeking guilty verdicts.
• The crown must prove beyond a reasonable doubt that the accused is completely guilty.
• criminal courts have three options for decisions,
- innocent
- guilty
- hung
• if found guilty, sentences are set. these are set with the following principles,
- rehabilitation of the individual
- protection of the public
- specific and general deterrents
• victims are allowed to influence sentencing with victim impact statements.
1.8.1 A Duty of Honesty
• dishonesty in business dealings can lead to criminal convictions for,
- fraud
- bribes (giving or taking)
- undisclosed conflict of interest
- gifts to government employees that you have business dealings with
• Other areas of interest are,
- the income tax act
- combines investigations act
- etc.
1.8.2 The Combines Investigations Act
• Generally this act tries to dissuade,
- monopolies
- misleading advertising - knowingly making any statements about a product that are not true or based on fact.
- bid rigging - different bidders must not work together to artificially raise the price, or cause bidders to drop out.
- price fixing
- conspiracy to limit competition - hoard resources, reduce production, or work together to reduce competition.
- etc.
• trade associations are permitted but must avoid any actions that would reduce competition in,
- prices
- quality
- quantity
- markets/customers
- distribution